The Ukrainian labour market not only needs to be rebuilt, it needs to be rebuilt better. The unprecedented challenges imposed by the reconstruction can only be faced by a labour market that promotes participation and eases the reallocation of workers across jobs. This was not the case for the labour market in Ukraine before the bloody Russian invasion. Reconstruction will therefore require a mix of emergency measures to deal
with the legacies of the war and structural reforms to address pre-existing inefficiencies of the labour market. In this chapter, we illustrate the challenges in light of experience of other European countries that have gone through military conflicts in the recent past and propose strategies for action.